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The Newar or Newah are the indigenous group of Nepal's Kathmandu valley. Newars are a linguistic community with multiple ethnicity/race and faith, bound together by a common language.
Most of them are Hindu, but some practice an Indian form of Buddhism. The Newar have a wide range of occupations; they have traditionally been noted as architects and artisans, the builders of the famous temples and shrines of Kathmandu.
Painting and sculpture flourished among them in the 10th–16th centuries. The art style here is called ‘Newari Painting” and also termed in relation to “Nepalese Painting”. As Newar practice both Buddhism and Hinduism; this art style is also dedicated to their festivals, religion and rituals.
Art of Nepalese
The widespread art forms are:
1. “Paubas” (also known as “Tangka”), 2. Sculpture, 3. Masks, 4. Woodcuts and 5. Murals
Nepalese paintings are mainly based on religious expression, rituals, festivals, meditation and festival. The use of conservative & traditional technique, style and icons is base theme after such painting. Later changes in composition, palette, style, and design were found in it.
Newaris’s art subjects primarily outline “Chapters of Vedas”, Manuscripts and Mythological God & Goddess. These devotional paintings are made on cloth and thus known as “Paubhas Painting”. Basically a Tangka / Pauba is a scroll painting used for meditation and rituals. Subject highlights standing goddesses, patron deities still worshipped by the residents of the valley.
Traditional practice follows process of grinding natural pigments from minerals and then mixing them with animal glue. Before applying colors, every inch of the composition is elaborately drawn in graphite on the linen material. Of course it is said to be most time consuming work and artists be patience to form wonderful art.
Newari artists were renowned throughout Asia for the high quality of their workmanship.
All sized bronzes made of bronzes, terracotta, wood and stone represent most of the prominent figures of the lamaistic and Hindu pantheons relief in gilt copper studded with semi-precious stones representing Jataka stories, various types of mandalas, ritual lamps and vessels, manuscripts and Tibetan temple banner.
The big Tibetan mandala used for forecast purposes made in the Depung monastery near Lhasa,.
In addition the Buddhist illustrated manuscript of Pragnaparamita, and a Newari manuscript showing various mudras, is remarkable.
Art of Nepalese painting holds artists in area of traditional painting, mask made of paper &metal, woodcuts, sculpture and murals.
Known paintings from manuscript consist of hieratic images of Buddha or God / Goddess and Secular Plays (like Kalidasa’s “Shakuntala”). Paintings are animated and drawn with flawless precision. They share a shallow space that is consistently illuminated. Vivid, bold colors are brought into play and improved by accurate brushwork. Wild and colorful canvases, rhythm with Nepali culture - robust Mahals bejeweled with carefree Babars, Swayambhu in 1970 and 30 years later, and other forms of high-spirited urban life.
The detailed archway and more flowery decorative tendencies in the fifteenth-century “Paubha of Chandramahroshana” (1994.452) are pin pointers to the more baroque treatment - are characteristic of later Nepalese art. .
Reference: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nepp/hd_nepp.htm
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